Root canal treatment, also called endodontic treatment, is used when the pulp inside a tooth becomes infected or damaged through decay, a crack or an injury. The treatment aims to remove the infection and save the natural tooth.
Why is root canal treatment needed?
The pulp contains the tooth’s nerves and blood supply. If it becomes infected, bacteria can spread through the root canal system and may cause an abscess. Symptoms can range from no discomfort at first to severe pain, tenderness when biting and swelling. A tooth may also darken if its nerve has died.
Without treatment, the infection can spread and the tooth may ultimately need to be removed.
What does root canal treatment involve?
The purpose of treatment is to remove infected tissue, disinfect the root canal system and seal it to prevent bacteria entering again.
Root canal treatment is a skilled procedure and often takes two or more appointments:
- The tooth is numbed with local anaesthetic and isolated.
- The infected pulp is removed and any abscess may be drained.
- The canals are carefully cleaned, shaped and disinfected.
- A temporary filling may be placed while the tooth settles.
- At a later visit, the canals are permanently filled and the tooth is restored.
Does root canal treatment hurt?
Local anaesthetic is normally used, so treatment should feel similar to having a routine filling. The tooth may feel tender afterwards, but this usually reduces gradually. Your dentist will explain appropriate aftercare.
What will the tooth look like afterwards?
Modern techniques reduce the likelihood of a root-treated tooth becoming noticeably darker. If discolouration is present, your dentist can discuss suitable cosmetic options.
Can the infection return?
Root canal treatment is generally successful, but no dental procedure can be guaranteed. If infection returns, the tooth may sometimes be retreated or referred for specialist assessment.
What happens if I do not have treatment?
Once the pulp has been irreversibly damaged, it cannot heal by itself. The alternative to root canal treatment is usually extraction. Where possible, preserving a natural tooth is generally preferable.
Will I need a crown afterwards?
A root-treated tooth can be more brittle because it has often already lost substantial structure. Your dentist may recommend a crown or another protective restoration to reduce the risk of fracture.
How should I care for the tooth?
Clean the tooth like your other teeth: brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, clean between the teeth, limit sugary foods and drinks and attend regular dental check-ups.
